Promoción de la resiliencia en niños con sintomatología depresiva

A pilot study was conducted with the primary objective to study the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral intervention inspired by the Penn Resiliency Program (PRP; Gillham, Jaycox, Reivich, Seligman, & Silver, 1990; Seligman, Reivich, Jaycox, & Gillham, 2005), for the prevention of depression in students from primary education. The main components of the program include modifying explanatory style and resolving interpersonal problems. Results indicated that there was significant improvement from pre-test to post-test in the experimental group for children with "high depressive symptoms" compared with controls. Qualitative analysis were consistent with this trend. Conclusions in light of these results ae discussed and potential directions for future research are recommended.Se llevó a cabo un estudio experimental con el objetivo principal de estudiar la eficacia de una intervención cognitivo-conductual inspirada en el Programa de Resiliencia de Pensilvania (PRP; Gillham, Jaycox, Reivich, Seligman y Silver, 1990; Seligman, Reivich, Jaycox y Gillham, 2005), como prevención de la depresión infantil en población escolar de Educación Primaria. Los componentes principales del programa son la modificación del estilo explicativo y la resolución de problemas interpersonales. Se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas que indicaron que se produjo una fuerte mejora del pretest al postest en los participantes del grupo experimental con “alta sintomatología depresiva” en comparación con los controles. Los análisis cualitativos también señalaron esta tendencia. Se debaten distintas conclusiones a la luz de los resultados así como posibles futuras líneas de investigación

A randomized controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioral program for the prevention of depression in adolescents compared to nonspecific and no-intervention control conditions.

Adolescent depression is a common and recurrent disorder associated with significant impairment and other forms of psychopathology. Finding an effective intervention that prevents depression in adolescents is an important public health priority. Participants were 518 high school students (mean age = 15.09; SD = 0.76) from the mid-south of the United States. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: a cognitive-behavioral program (CB; n = 166), nonspecific control (NSp; n = 175), or a no-intervention control condition (NIC; n = 177). Both the CB and NSp conditions consisted of 90-minute sessions administered once a week over a 10-week period during regular school hours. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) at baseline, post-intervention, and at 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow-ups. The time by condition interaction was significant [F(8, 478.57) = 3.32, p = .001] indicating that at the 4-month follow-up, youth in the CB condition had significantly lower CDI scores compared to those in the NSp (p = 0.047, g = 0.29; CI: 0.06-0.52) and the NIC conditions (p = 0.003, g = 0.30; CI: 0.07-0.53). Future studies need to examine the importance of theory-driven change mechanisms, interpersonal relationships, and structural circumstances in schools as factors impacting the long-term effects of CB prevention programs

Bidirectional relations of religious orientation and depressive symptoms in adolescents : a short-term longitudinal study.

Religious orientation can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic: intrinsically oriented individuals “live their religion,” whereas extrinsically oriented individuals practice religion mainly to gain external benefits. In adults, depression has been found to correlate negatively with intrinsic religious orientation and positively with extrinsic orientation. Studies of the relation between religiosity and depression typically have not been longitudinal, conducted with adolescents, controlled for the influence of other factors associated with depression (i.e., negative cognitions), or examined the reverse relation of depression predicting religious orientation. Our four-month longitudinal study of 273 ninth-grade students addressed these issues. Results showed that higher intrinsic religious orientation measured at baseline significantly predicted lower self-reported depressive symptoms four months later, controlling for initial level of depressive symptoms and cognitive style; in contrast, extrinsic orientation and the interaction between religious orientation and life events did not significantly predict later depressive symptoms. Self-reported depressive symptoms, however, did not predict either intrinsic or extrinsic religious orientation four months later. Factors contributing to different findings for adolescents versus adults in the relation between extrinsic religious orientation and depression are suggested

Prevención de la depresión en niños y adolescentes: Revisión y reflexión

This article describes the principal programs aimed at preventing depression in children and adolescents, and discusses findings from the latest quantitative and qualitative reviews. Characteristics of interventions with the largest effect sizes are outlined and some limitations of these studies are noted. Finally, directions for future research are suggested, particularly the need for more investment in preventive interventions, in view of their benefits for the well-being of the general population and as a measure of economic savings.En este artículo se describen los principales programas de prevención de la depresión en niños y adolescentes, analizando las conclusiones derivadas de las más recientes revisiones cualitativas y cuantitativas. Se detallan las características de las intervenciones que han conseguido mayores efectos, así como algunas limitaciones de los estudios. Por último se realizan algunas reflexiones y sugerencias de cara a futuras investigaciones, remarcando la necesidad de realizar mayores inversiones en intervenciones preventivas por sus beneficios en el bienestar de la población y como medida de ahorro económico.

Personalized Depression Prevention: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Optimize Effects Through Risk-Informed Personalization

Objective: To evaluate whether evidence-based depression prevention programs can be optimized by matching youths to interventions that address their psychosocial vulnerabilities. Method: This randomized controlled trial included 204 adolescents (mean [SD] age ¼ 14.26 [1.65] years; 56.4% female). Youths were categorized as high or low on cognitive and interpersonal risks for depression and randomly assigned to Coping With Stress (CWS), a cognitive-behavioral program, or Interpersonal Psychotherapy–Adolescent Skills Training (IPT-AST), an interpersonal program. Some participants received a match between risk and prevention (eg, high cognitive–low interpersonal risk teen in CWS, low cognitive–high interpersonal risk teen in IPT-AST), others received a mismatch (eg, low cognitive-high interpersonal risk teen in CWS). Outcomes were depression diagnoses and symptoms through 18 months postintervention (21 months total). Results: Matched adolescents showed significantly greater decreases in depressive symptoms than mismatched adolescents from postintervention through 18-month follow-up and across the entire 21-month study period (effect size [d] ¼ 0.44, 95% CI ¼ 0.02, 0.86). There was no significant difference in rates of depressive disorders among matched adolescents compared with mismatched adolescents (12.0% versus 18.3%, t193 ¼ .78, p ¼ .44). Conclusion: This study illustrates one approach to personalizing depression prevention as a form of precision mental health. Findings suggest that risk-informed personalization may enhance effects beyond a one-size-fits-all approach. Clinical trial registration information: Bending Adolescent Depression Trajectories Through Personalized Prevention; https://www.clinicaltrials. gov/; NCT01948167

The human mutator gene homolog MSH2 and its association with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer

We have identified a human homolog of the bacterial MutS and S. cerevisiae MSH proteins, called hMSH2. Expression of hMSH2 in E. coli causes a dominant mutator phenotype, suggesting that hMSH2, like other divergent MutS homologs, interferes with the normal bacterial mismatch repair pathway. hMSH2 maps to human chromosome 2p22-21 near a locus implicated in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). A T to C transition mutation has been detected in the -6 position of a splice acceptor site in sporadic colon tumors and in affected individuals of two small HNPCC kindreds. These data and reports indicating that S. cerevisiae msh2 mutations cause an instability of dinucleotide repeats like those associated with HNPCC suggest that hMSH2 is the HNPCC gene

The Effect of Atorvastatin on Breast Cancer Biomarkers in High-Risk Women

Statins have the potential to reduce breast cancer incidence and recurrence as shown in both epidemiologic and laboratory studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a lipophilic statin, atorvastatin, on breast cancer biomarkers of risk [mammographic density (MD) and insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1)] in high-risk premenopausal women

BRCA1 haploinsufficiency for replication stress suppression in primary cells

BRCA1—a breast and ovarian cancer suppressor gene—promotes genome integrity. To study the functionality of BRCA1 in the heterozygous state, we established a collection of primary human BRCA1+/+ and BRCA1mut/+ mammary epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Here we report that all BRCA1mut/+ cells exhibited multiple normal BRCA1 functions, including the support of homologous recombination- type double-strand break repair (HR-DSBR), checkpoint functions, centrosome number control, spindle pole formation, Slug expression and satellite RNA suppression. In contrast, the same cells were defective in stalled replication fork repair and/or suppression of fork collapse, that is, replication stress. These defects were rescued by reconstituting BRCA1mut/+ cells with wt BRCA1. In addition, we observed ‘conditional’ haploinsufficiency for HR-DSBR in BRCA1mut/+ cells in the face of replication stress. Given the importance of replication stress in epithelial cancer development and of an HR defect in breast cancer pathogenesis, both defects are candidate contributors to tumorigenesis in BRCA1-deficient mammary tissue